Elenco completo comandi Basic V3.5 del Commodore 16, 116 e Plus/4

Ecco la lista completa dei comandi, delle funzioni e delle variabili riservate del Basic V3.5 del Commodore 16, C-116 e Commodore Plus/4. Questo è un semplice compendio per ricordare tutti i comandi, le istruzioni e le funzioni, quando già si sa come utilizzarli!

Rispetto al BASIC V2 del Commodore 64, il BASIC v3.5 del Commodore 16, 116 e Plus/4 ha molti più comandi. In casa Commodore, la vera completezza si ha con il BASIC V7 del Commodore 128, dotato di moltissimi comandi.

Instruction	Description	Type
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number	Function, numerical
AND	Returns true if both conditions are true	Operator, logical
ASC	Returns the numerical value of a char	Function, numerical
ATN	Returns the arctangent of a number	Function, numerical
AUTO	Turns on automatic line numbering when writing a program	Command
BACKUP	Copies an entire diskette to another on a dual drive system	Instruction/command
BOX	Draws a box, parallelogram or rectangle at specified position on screen	Instruction/command
CHAR	Positions the text cursor and displays characters on the bitmap screen	Instruction/command
CHR$	Returns the character corresponding to the number	Function, string
CIRCLE	Draws a circle, ellipse or a regular polygon on the bitmap screen	Instruction/command
CLOSE	Closes a file	Instruction/command
CLR	Deletes variables arrays, data, …	Instruction/command
CMD	Changes the data output to other peripheral	Instruction/command
COLLECT	Checks and repairs the file system of a disk, frees inaccessible disk space	Instruction/command
COLOR	Selects colors for screen border, foreground, background and characters	Instruction/command
CONT	Resumes execution of a BASIC program	Command
COPY	Copies files from one drive to another in a dual disk drive or within a single drive	Instruction/command
COS	Returns the cosine of an angle (rad)	Function, numerical
DATA	Stores constant information in the program code	Instruction/command
DEC	Returns the decimal value of a number specified as hexadecimal	Function, numerical
DEF FN	Defines a user-defined function	Instruction
DELETE	Deletes lines of a BASIC program in the specified range	Command
DIM	Allocates space in array memory for a new array	Instruction/command
DIRECTORY	Displays the contents of the disk directory on the screen	Instruction/command
DLOAD	Loads a BASIC program from disk	Instruction/command
DO	Progam loop start (DO/LOOP/WHILE/UNTIL/EXIT)	Instruction/command
DRAW	Displays lines and points on the bitmap screen	Instruction/command
DS	Gets the numeric code from the current diskStatus_string	Reserved variable
DS$	Gets the most recent error/status code from a disk device	Reserved variable
DSAVE	Saves a BASIC program to a disk file	Instruction/command
EL	Returns the line number of the most recent error	Reserved variable
END	Ends the processing of the current program	Instruction/command
ER	Returns the most recent error number	Reserved variable
ERR$	Returns the error message corresponding to an error number	Reserved variable
EXIT	Progam loop escape (DO/LOOP/WHILE/UNTIL/EXIT)	Instruction/command, special
EXP	“e” with the power given by the argument	Function, numerical
FN	Executes a function defined by DEF FN	Function, numerical, special
FOR	Program loop start (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command
FRE	Returns the number of unused bytes of BASIC RAM	Function, numerical, special
GET	Reads one or more chars from the keyboard	Instruction
GET#	Reads single characters from the specified device	Instruction/command, special
GETKEY	Receives input data from the keyboard, one character at a time	Instruction
GO TO	Jumps to a line number	Instruction/command
GOSUB	Jumps to a subroutine … RETURN	Instruction/command
GOTO	Jumps to a line number	Instruction/command
GRAPHIC	Selects a screen display (text, bitmap or split-screen bitmap)	Instruction/command
GSHAPE	Retrieves the text-string variable stored by SSHAPE	Function, string
HEADER	Formats a diskette	Instruction/command
HELP	Highlights the line where the error occurred	Instruction/command
HEX$	Returns a string containing a hexadecimal represention of a given number	Function, string
IF	Tests a condition IF … THEN or IF … GOTO	Instruction/command
INPUT	Reads data from the keyboard	Instruction
INPUT#	Reads data from a file stored on peripheral device	Instruction
INSTR	Finds the location of a substring in a string	Function, numerical
INT	Rounds a number	Function, numerical
JOY	Returns a value indicating the state of a joystick	Function, numerical
KEY	Lists or redefines the string assigned to a function key	Instruction/command
LEFT$	Left chars of a string	Function, string
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a string	Function, numerical
LET	Assigns values in a variable	Instruction/command
LIST	Displays the BASIC program in memory	Instruction/command
LOAD	Loads a program	Instruction/command
LOCATE	Positions the bitmap pixel cursor on the screen	Instruction/command
LOG	Natural logarithm with the basis e	Function, numerical
LOOP	Progam loop end (DO/LOOP/WHILE/UNTIL/EXIT)	Instruction/command, special
MID$	Inner chars of a string	Function, string
MONITOR	Enters the Commodore machine language monitor	Command
NEW	Clears RAM and program	Instruction/command
NEXT	Program loop end (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command
NOT	Reverses true to false	Operator, logical
ON	Contruct ON … GOTO, ON … GOSUB	Instruction/command
OPEN	Opens a file or a channel	Instruction/command
OR	Returns true if one or both conditions are true	Operator, logical
PAINT	Fills area on the bitmap screen with color	Instruction/command
PEEK	Returns the memory content	Function, numerical
POKE	Changes the content of any memory address	Instruction/command
POS	Determines the actual position of the cursor	Function, numerical, special
PRINT	Prints data to the current output device	Instruction/command
PRINT USING	Prints an expression with a specific format	Instruction/command
PRINT#	Stores data in a file	Instruction/command
PUDEF	Redefines symbols in PRINT USING statements	Instruction/command
RCLR	Returns a the color assigned to a graphic screen element	Function, numerical
RDOT	Returns information about the pixel cursor	Function, numerical
READ	Reads constant values from DATA	Instruction
REM	Comments	Instruction/command
RENAME	Changes the name of a file on disk	Instruction/command
RENUMBER	Renumber lines of a BASIC program	Command
RESTORE	Clears the pointer of the next DATA value	Instruction/command
RESUME	Defines where the program will continue after an error has been trapped	Instruction/command
RETURN	Finishes a subroutine: GOSUB …  RETURN	Instruction/command
RGR	Returns a value indicating the current graphic mode	Function, numerical
RIGHT$	Right chars of a string	Function, string
RLUM	Returns the luminance assigned to a graphic screen element	Function, numerical
RND	Generates a random floating point number	Function, numerical
RUN	Starts a program	Instruction/command
SAVE	Saves a program	Instruction/command
SCALE	Sets the relative size of the images on the bitmap screen	Instruction/command
SCNCLR	Clears the screen	Instruction/command
SCRATCH	Deletes a file from the disk directory	Instruction/command
SGN	Returns the sign of a number (-1, 0, 1)	Function, numerical
SIN	Returns the sine of an angle (rad)	Function, numerical
SOUND	Outputs sound effects and musical notes	Instruction/command
SPC(	Sets a number of spaces into a PRINT output	Function, string
SQR	Calculates square root of a number	Function, numerical
SSHAPE	Saves a a shape (a rectangular region of the bitmap screen) to a string variable	Instruction/command
ST	Gets I/O status byte	Reserved variable
STEP	Program loop increment/decrement (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command, special
STOP	Breaks a program	Instruction/command
STR$	Converts numerical values or variables into a string	Function, string
SYS	Calls an assembly language subroutine	Instruction/command
TAB(	Sets the cursor column into a PRINT output	Function, string
TAN	Returns the tangent for a given angle (rad)	Function, numerical
THEN	Tests a condition IF … THEN (if true)	Instruction/command, special
TI	Gets the system time (seconds/60)	Reserved variable
TI$	Gets or Sets the system time (HHMMSS)	Reserved variable
TO	Program loop target (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command, special
TRAP	Detects and handles program errors while a BASIC program is running	Instruction
TROFF	Turns off error tracing mode, while debugging	Instruction/command
TRON	Turns on error tracing mode, while debugging	Instruction/command
UNTIL	Progam loop condition (DO/LOOP/WHILE/UNTIL/EXIT)	Instruction/command, special
USING	See PRINT USING	Instruction/command, special
USR	Calls an assembly language subroutine with argument	Function, numerical/string
VAL	Returns the numerical value of a string	Function, numerical
VERIFY	Verifies a saved program	Instruction/command
VOL	Defines output level of sound	Instruction/command
WAIT	Waits for a memory location to assume specific values	Instruction/command
WHILE	Progam loop condition (DO/LOOP/WHILE/UNTIL/EXIT)	Instruction/command, special
+	Sum	Operator, numerical/string
–	Subtraction	Operator, numerical
*	Multiplication	Operator, numerical
/	Division	Operator, numerical
^	Exponent	Operator, numerical
>	Greater	Operator, logical
=	Equal	Operator, logical
<	Less	Operator, logical
π (pi)	3.1415926…	Function, numerical, special

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